Senin, 21 Juni 2010
Rabu, 16 Juni 2010
Food Poisoning
Food Poisoning
Definition
Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating food or beverages that have kandungna bacteria, and / or toxin, parasites, viruses or chemicals that can cause disturbances in the body's normal functions. Some of the symptoms arising from poisoning is usually mild but can be so severe and require hospitalization, some poisoning can also cause death. These symptoms are referred to abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and some life-threatening symptoms include gaangguan on neurological function, liver and kidney.
According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), most food poisoning due to errors in processing food, such as :
Leaving the food has been prepared food at a good temperature for bacteria to grow.
Error re-cooking or warming food.
Cross-contamination
Contamination by the hands of food handlers (cooks)
Some things to do if some cases of poisoning, especially in poisoning with symptoms of diarrhea :
Rehydration and electrolyte supplementation is appropriate.
So there is no shock because less fluid Liquid absorber to reduce the loss of fluids such as kaopektat, aluminum hydroxide.
If symptoms remain persistent for more than three days, then the most appropriate thing to do is bring the victims to hospitals to receive treatment more intensif, for symptomatic treatment alone is not enough, the victim should receive more intensive intravenous fluids. And at the hospital can do better diagnosti examination.
To prevent food poisoning, we should do :
A good system management hiegen
Good food processing
Avoid contamination from any.
Store food in suitable temperature (<5oc> 60oC for hot food).
Avoid eating acid foods packaged in containers made of metal.
Avoid eating wild mushrooms.
Avoid eating undercooked foods.
Definition
Food poisoning is an illness caused by eating food or beverages that have kandungna bacteria, and / or toxin, parasites, viruses or chemicals that can cause disturbances in the body's normal functions. Some of the symptoms arising from poisoning is usually mild but can be so severe and require hospitalization, some poisoning can also cause death. These symptoms are referred to abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and some life-threatening symptoms include gaangguan on neurological function, liver and kidney.
According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), most food poisoning due to errors in processing food, such as :
Leaving the food has been prepared food at a good temperature for bacteria to grow.
Error re-cooking or warming food.
Cross-contamination
Contamination by the hands of food handlers (cooks)
Some things to do if some cases of poisoning, especially in poisoning with symptoms of diarrhea :
Rehydration and electrolyte supplementation is appropriate.
So there is no shock because less fluid Liquid absorber to reduce the loss of fluids such as kaopektat, aluminum hydroxide.
If symptoms remain persistent for more than three days, then the most appropriate thing to do is bring the victims to hospitals to receive treatment more intensif, for symptomatic treatment alone is not enough, the victim should receive more intensive intravenous fluids. And at the hospital can do better diagnosti examination.
To prevent food poisoning, we should do :
A good system management hiegen
Good food processing
Avoid contamination from any.
Store food in suitable temperature (<5oc> 60oC for hot food).
Avoid eating acid foods packaged in containers made of metal.
Avoid eating wild mushrooms.
Avoid eating undercooked foods.
Senin, 14 Juni 2010
Menonton Video Porno berpotensi gangguan jiwa
Berita tentang video panas mirip artis ramai dibicarakan beberapa hari ini. Kalangan masyarakat banyak yang menyayangkan mengapa video panas adegan hubungan seks antara dua insan yang “belum tentu” sudah terikat dalam perkawinan ini beredar.
Dunia internet di Indonesia yang nyaris tanpa saringan membuat segalanya dengan mudah tersebar. Video panas tersebut bisa dilihat dengan hanya mendownloadnya di situs-situs yang menyediakannya secara gratis atau dengan menontonnya di situs youtube.com walaupun pada akhirnya ditutup.
Banyak pendapat ahli kemudian bermunculan, dari ahli agama sampai ahli pendidikan dan perkembangan anak. Semuanya menyesalkan terjadinya kejadian ini. Sesuatu yang bukan konsumsi publik menjadi terbuka segamblangnya di media internet yang saat ini sudah merambah ke desa-desa. Belum lagi kekhawatiran sebagian orang tua tentang anaknya yang juga bisa menikmati tontonan tak layak usia anak ini. Semua karena akses internet saat ini begitu mudah.
Sebagai seorang psikiater saya lebih menyoroti tentang beberapa istilah yang dipakai di ruang publilk oleh para ahli. Ada istilah yang kemudian muncul yaitu Scopophilia. Istilah ini sebenarnya jarang digunakan di dalam ranah ilmu kedokteran jiwa. Di dalam manual diagnostik gangguan jiwa terbitan The American Psychiatric Association istilah Voyeurism adalah istilah yang sama dengan Scopophilia.
Voyeurisme/Scopophilia, Apakah Kita Termasuk Di Dalamnya?
Dalam buku teks Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition (2007) disebutkan bahwa Voyeurism atau juga dikenal Scopophilia adalah seseorang yang mempunyai preokupasi (kecenderungan sikap) yang terus menerus secara fantasi maupun tindakan untuk mengamati (observing) orang-orang yang telanjang atau sedang melakukan aktifitas seks. Dalam konteks ini terlihat bahwa ada proses mengamati dan bukan ikut aktif di dalam kegiatan seks tersebut.
Dahulu semasa kuliah saya ingat betul ada seorang dosen mengatakan bahwa Voyuerism berasal dari kata Perancis, Voyeur, yang mana istilah ini merujuk pada suatu kegiatan “mengintip”, “memata-matai (spying)” suatu kegiatan seksual, membuka baju atau senang mengamati orang telanjang. Jadi hal ini dilakukan diam-diam tanpa sepengetahuan dari objek yang dilihatnya. Kondisi ini biasanya didiagnosis setelah berlangsung sekurangnya 6 bulan.
Tentang apa yang dilakukan oleh pelaku dalam video panas mirip artis ini sampai saat ini saya belum dapat menemukan kriteria diagnosis yang pas. Namun yang saya amati adalah bahwa tanpa disadari, kita sendiri menjadi penasaran dan terus mencari video panas ini, tujuannya untuk melihat apakah benar apa yang diberitakan media. Tanpa disadari kita juga mulai melakukan kegiatan yang sekiranya mirip dengan diagnosis gangguan jiwa voyeurism, mengamati orang lain bersenggama dan bahkan (mungkin) asyik menikmatinya.
Kita tanpa sadar menuduh orang lain dengan segala macam bentuk gangguan kejiwaan tanpa sadar bahwa kita sendiri melakukan perbuatan yang mengarah ke suatu diagnosis gangguan kejiwaan. Semoga kondisi ini bisa menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua.
Dunia internet di Indonesia yang nyaris tanpa saringan membuat segalanya dengan mudah tersebar. Video panas tersebut bisa dilihat dengan hanya mendownloadnya di situs-situs yang menyediakannya secara gratis atau dengan menontonnya di situs youtube.com walaupun pada akhirnya ditutup.
Banyak pendapat ahli kemudian bermunculan, dari ahli agama sampai ahli pendidikan dan perkembangan anak. Semuanya menyesalkan terjadinya kejadian ini. Sesuatu yang bukan konsumsi publik menjadi terbuka segamblangnya di media internet yang saat ini sudah merambah ke desa-desa. Belum lagi kekhawatiran sebagian orang tua tentang anaknya yang juga bisa menikmati tontonan tak layak usia anak ini. Semua karena akses internet saat ini begitu mudah.
Sebagai seorang psikiater saya lebih menyoroti tentang beberapa istilah yang dipakai di ruang publilk oleh para ahli. Ada istilah yang kemudian muncul yaitu Scopophilia. Istilah ini sebenarnya jarang digunakan di dalam ranah ilmu kedokteran jiwa. Di dalam manual diagnostik gangguan jiwa terbitan The American Psychiatric Association istilah Voyeurism adalah istilah yang sama dengan Scopophilia.
Voyeurisme/Scopophilia, Apakah Kita Termasuk Di Dalamnya?
Dalam buku teks Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry, 10th Edition (2007) disebutkan bahwa Voyeurism atau juga dikenal Scopophilia adalah seseorang yang mempunyai preokupasi (kecenderungan sikap) yang terus menerus secara fantasi maupun tindakan untuk mengamati (observing) orang-orang yang telanjang atau sedang melakukan aktifitas seks. Dalam konteks ini terlihat bahwa ada proses mengamati dan bukan ikut aktif di dalam kegiatan seks tersebut.
Dahulu semasa kuliah saya ingat betul ada seorang dosen mengatakan bahwa Voyuerism berasal dari kata Perancis, Voyeur, yang mana istilah ini merujuk pada suatu kegiatan “mengintip”, “memata-matai (spying)” suatu kegiatan seksual, membuka baju atau senang mengamati orang telanjang. Jadi hal ini dilakukan diam-diam tanpa sepengetahuan dari objek yang dilihatnya. Kondisi ini biasanya didiagnosis setelah berlangsung sekurangnya 6 bulan.
Tentang apa yang dilakukan oleh pelaku dalam video panas mirip artis ini sampai saat ini saya belum dapat menemukan kriteria diagnosis yang pas. Namun yang saya amati adalah bahwa tanpa disadari, kita sendiri menjadi penasaran dan terus mencari video panas ini, tujuannya untuk melihat apakah benar apa yang diberitakan media. Tanpa disadari kita juga mulai melakukan kegiatan yang sekiranya mirip dengan diagnosis gangguan jiwa voyeurism, mengamati orang lain bersenggama dan bahkan (mungkin) asyik menikmatinya.
Kita tanpa sadar menuduh orang lain dengan segala macam bentuk gangguan kejiwaan tanpa sadar bahwa kita sendiri melakukan perbuatan yang mengarah ke suatu diagnosis gangguan kejiwaan. Semoga kondisi ini bisa menjadi pelajaran bagi kita semua.
Minggu, 13 Juni 2010
VIDEO MESUM ARIEL-DIAN SASTRO
Munculnya Video Ariel dan Dian sastro sebagai seri kesekian dari 32 koleksi Video mesum Ariel Peterporn santer dibicarakan masyarakat dan diperkirakan akan rilis dalam waktu dekat menyusul kedua Video sebelumnya yaitu Video mesum Luna maya dan Cut Tari yang keduanya adalah hasil rekaman pribadi Ariel Peterporn. banyak Orang berburu Videonya untuk menontonnya. banyak alasan kenapa mereka berburuh Videonya. ada yang bilang penasaran dan masih banyak alasan lainnya.
Dian sastro,artis yang baru melangsungkan perniklahan ini juga disebut sebut merupakan korban dari ariel peterporn. banyak orang berusahan mencari video mesum ini,seperti melalui youtub,4shared,ziddu,dll. tapi tidak diketemukan keberadaannya. Apakah video itu memang ada atau hanya isapan jempol belaka.
Semoga saja tidak ada lagi video mesum "korban Ariel" ini,yang cukup memalukan bagi negara kita yang masih menganut budaya timur.
Dian sastro,artis yang baru melangsungkan perniklahan ini juga disebut sebut merupakan korban dari ariel peterporn. banyak orang berusahan mencari video mesum ini,seperti melalui youtub,4shared,ziddu,dll. tapi tidak diketemukan keberadaannya. Apakah video itu memang ada atau hanya isapan jempol belaka.
Semoga saja tidak ada lagi video mesum "korban Ariel" ini,yang cukup memalukan bagi negara kita yang masih menganut budaya timur.
Water pox
Water pox (Varicella, chickenpox) is a contagious viral infection that often arise and cause a skin rash in the form of a collection of small spots, flat or protruding, fluid-filled blisters and scab, that cause itch.
Cause
The reason is the varicella-zoster virus.The virus is transmitted through saliva splash of patients or via objects contaminated by fluids from the skin blisters.
Victims can transmit the disease from onset of symptoms until the last blister has dried. Therefore, to prevent contagion, patients should be isolated (sequestered).
If someone has had chickenpox, she will have immunity and will not be suffering from chicken pox again. But the virus can remain asleep in the human body, and sometimes become active again and cause shingles.
Symptoms and signs.
The symptoms began to occur (incubation period) within 10-21 days after infection. Usually the patient had been infected with the virus for more than 48 hours before symptoms appear.
In children older than 10 years, initial symptoms such as headache, fever, moderate and malaise, decreased appetite. The symptoms are usually not found in children younger people, symptoms are usually more severe in adults.
24-36 hours after initial symptoms, red spots appear flat (macular). Then the spots are prominent (papules), forming fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that feels itchy, which eventually will dry up. This process takes 6-8 hours. Furthermore, the spots will be formed and new blisters.
On the fifth day, usually have no new blisters are formed again, all the blisters will dry on the sixth day and disappear in less than 20 days.
Papules on the face, arms and legs relatively less; usually are found in the upper torso (chest, back, shoulders). The spots often found on the scalp.
Papules in the mouth quickly rupture and form open sores (ulcers), which often causes swallowing disorders. Ulcers can also be found on the eyelids, upper respiratory tract, rectum and vagina.
Papules on the vocal cords and upper respiratory tract sometimes causes respiratory problems.Could happen pembengkaan lymph nodes in the neck side.
Chicken pox rarely causes scarring, if any, only a small indentation around the eyes.
The wound can become infected due to chicken pox is usually caused by scratching and Staphylococcus.
Complication
Children usually recover from chickenpox without any problems. But in adults or people with immune system disorders, infections can be severe or even fatal.
The complications that can be found on chicken pox is:
- Viral Pneumonia
- Inflammation of heart
- Inflammation of the joints
- Inflammation of the liver
- Encephalitis (brain infection)
- Reye's Syndrome
- Purpura
- Bacterial Infection (Erysipelas, Pyoderma, Impetigo pemphigoid).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on typical skin rash (macules, papules, vesicles and scab).
Investigations
Leukocyte examination is usually normal mennjukkan results, low, or increased slightly. Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear examination of skin blisters. Positive results of tissue culture.
Treatment
The treatment given is usually in the form of supportive treatment / symptomatic and maintain good hygiene to avoid secondary infection.
At school age children should be resting at home first, in order to prevent the transmission of my friends at school. And may come back if keropengnya already dried up and his fever was down.
Can be used antipyretic drugs to reduce fever, but you should avoid using aspirin, because it can cause Reye's syndrome.
To reduce itching and prevent scratching, the skin should be a cold compress. Can also be applied losyen calamine, antihistamines or other losyen containing menthol or phenol
To reduce the risk of bacterial infection, you should:
- Skin washed as often as possible with soap and water
- Keeping clean hands
- Nails cut short
- Clothes stay dry and clean.
Sometimes given drugs to reduce itching (antihistamines).
If there is a bacterial infection, given antibiotics.
If severe cases, can be given anti-viral drug acyclovir.
Anti-viral drugs may be given to children older than 2 years. Acyclovir usually given to teenagers, because teenagers are more severe disease. Asikloir can reduce the severity of disease if given within 24 hours after wakatu first appearance of the rash.
Alernatif other drugs, namely: famciclovir, valacyclovir, and interferon vidarabin
Prevention
To prevent chicken pox are given a vaccine.
To the people who never get the chicken pox vaccination and are at high risk of complications (eg patients with immune system disorders), can be given immunoglobulin zoster or varicella-zoster immunoglobulin.
Varicella vaccine is usually given to children aged 12-18 months.
http://id.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/pediatrics/2011194-cacar-air-varicella-pada-anak/
Cause
The reason is the varicella-zoster virus.The virus is transmitted through saliva splash of patients or via objects contaminated by fluids from the skin blisters.
Victims can transmit the disease from onset of symptoms until the last blister has dried. Therefore, to prevent contagion, patients should be isolated (sequestered).
If someone has had chickenpox, she will have immunity and will not be suffering from chicken pox again. But the virus can remain asleep in the human body, and sometimes become active again and cause shingles.
Symptoms and signs.
The symptoms began to occur (incubation period) within 10-21 days after infection. Usually the patient had been infected with the virus for more than 48 hours before symptoms appear.
In children older than 10 years, initial symptoms such as headache, fever, moderate and malaise, decreased appetite. The symptoms are usually not found in children younger people, symptoms are usually more severe in adults.
24-36 hours after initial symptoms, red spots appear flat (macular). Then the spots are prominent (papules), forming fluid-filled blisters (vesicles) that feels itchy, which eventually will dry up. This process takes 6-8 hours. Furthermore, the spots will be formed and new blisters.
On the fifth day, usually have no new blisters are formed again, all the blisters will dry on the sixth day and disappear in less than 20 days.
Papules on the face, arms and legs relatively less; usually are found in the upper torso (chest, back, shoulders). The spots often found on the scalp.
Papules in the mouth quickly rupture and form open sores (ulcers), which often causes swallowing disorders. Ulcers can also be found on the eyelids, upper respiratory tract, rectum and vagina.
Papules on the vocal cords and upper respiratory tract sometimes causes respiratory problems.Could happen pembengkaan lymph nodes in the neck side.
Chicken pox rarely causes scarring, if any, only a small indentation around the eyes.
The wound can become infected due to chicken pox is usually caused by scratching and Staphylococcus.
Complication
Children usually recover from chickenpox without any problems. But in adults or people with immune system disorders, infections can be severe or even fatal.
The complications that can be found on chicken pox is:
- Viral Pneumonia
- Inflammation of heart
- Inflammation of the joints
- Inflammation of the liver
- Encephalitis (brain infection)
- Reye's Syndrome
- Purpura
- Bacterial Infection (Erysipelas, Pyoderma, Impetigo pemphigoid).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis based on typical skin rash (macules, papules, vesicles and scab).
Investigations
Leukocyte examination is usually normal mennjukkan results, low, or increased slightly. Multinucleated giant cells on Tzanck smear examination of skin blisters. Positive results of tissue culture.
Treatment
The treatment given is usually in the form of supportive treatment / symptomatic and maintain good hygiene to avoid secondary infection.
At school age children should be resting at home first, in order to prevent the transmission of my friends at school. And may come back if keropengnya already dried up and his fever was down.
Can be used antipyretic drugs to reduce fever, but you should avoid using aspirin, because it can cause Reye's syndrome.
To reduce itching and prevent scratching, the skin should be a cold compress. Can also be applied losyen calamine, antihistamines or other losyen containing menthol or phenol
To reduce the risk of bacterial infection, you should:
- Skin washed as often as possible with soap and water
- Keeping clean hands
- Nails cut short
- Clothes stay dry and clean.
Sometimes given drugs to reduce itching (antihistamines).
If there is a bacterial infection, given antibiotics.
If severe cases, can be given anti-viral drug acyclovir.
Anti-viral drugs may be given to children older than 2 years. Acyclovir usually given to teenagers, because teenagers are more severe disease. Asikloir can reduce the severity of disease if given within 24 hours after wakatu first appearance of the rash.
Alernatif other drugs, namely: famciclovir, valacyclovir, and interferon vidarabin
Prevention
To prevent chicken pox are given a vaccine.
To the people who never get the chicken pox vaccination and are at high risk of complications (eg patients with immune system disorders), can be given immunoglobulin zoster or varicella-zoster immunoglobulin.
Varicella vaccine is usually given to children aged 12-18 months.
http://id.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/pediatrics/2011194-cacar-air-varicella-pada-anak/
Nicotine BRAIN DAMAGE
Nicotine BRAIN DAMAGE
Summary:pakpahan
For centuries, tobacco was consumed by the public either chewed or smoked. Tobacco comes from a plant called Nicotiana tabacum. The reason why tobacco is smoked by many people is because these plants contain substances that cause addiction is very strong and called by the name of nicotine.
Tobacco now occupies the position of ''honor'' to celebrated every May 31 as ''Anti-Tobacco Day World'' which is set by the board of the United Nations. So many of the benefits provided from the tobacco bad for humans, so that the beings who think clearly and strategically positioned ''regulate'' the world decided to explicitly require the movement away from all tobacco products.
The most popular process of consuming tobacco is burned and inhaled or inhaled the smell of burning. Very important note, any smoke into the respiratory organ until now no one gives health benefits, not even giving life but death.
When tobacco is smoked, nicotine is absorbed into the lungs and quickly moved into a flowing stream of blood vessels throughout the body including the brain. In fact, nicotine reaches the brain within 8 seconds after the tobacco is smoked. According to the American Cancer Society, nicotine entering through cigarette smoke reaches the brain faster than drugs that enter through intravenous (IV) or blood vessels. There are many factors that determine the duration of nicotine in the body of a person to survive. Generally, nicotine and other products last for 3-4 days in the body.
In high concentrations, nicotine can be lethal, one drop of purified nicotine in the mouth can kill a person. Because of the deadly effects of nicotine is also used as a pesticide for centuries.
The brain consists of thousands of nerve cells that communicate via chemicals called neurotransmitters. Like the key, the neurotransmitter is suitable only for special locks called receptors. Nicotine molecule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine which this receptor plays a role in various bodily functions, affects muscle movement, breathing, heart rate, and memory. Acetylcholine also affects mood, appetite, thought power, and more.
Nicotine activate the part of the brain that produce feelings of ''happy'' by activating hormone dopamine. Work from resembling cocaine and heroin nicotine causing addiction.
The brain is part of the body that regulates all functions of the organ. A healthy brain will produce a healthy behavior. Easily forgotten are the early symptoms of dementia (dementia) in which dementia occurs because of degeneration of nerve cells resulting from disturbances of intellectual function or memory.
According to research conducted at the Brain and Mind Research Institute at the University of Sydney, Australia, smoking itself is a risk factor of dementia caused by Alzheimer''s disease. This is contradictory with previous research that says that smoking protects against dementia. The research is published in the European Journal of Pharmacology in 2010.
Dementia alone will cause a disruption of quality of life and social relationships. Dementia due to Alzheimer''s disease usually starts to attack at the age of 40-50 years. At that time the mass of the brain will begin to decrease because of rapid nerve cell death. As a result the transmission of inter-cell interference occurs due to the decreasing amount of acetylcholine and replaced by nicotine in a way that resembles the work asetilkoln
Nicotine BRAIN DAMAGE Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/epidemiology-public-health/2008719-nicotine-brain-damage/
Summary:pakpahan
For centuries, tobacco was consumed by the public either chewed or smoked. Tobacco comes from a plant called Nicotiana tabacum. The reason why tobacco is smoked by many people is because these plants contain substances that cause addiction is very strong and called by the name of nicotine.
Tobacco now occupies the position of ''honor'' to celebrated every May 31 as ''Anti-Tobacco Day World'' which is set by the board of the United Nations. So many of the benefits provided from the tobacco bad for humans, so that the beings who think clearly and strategically positioned ''regulate'' the world decided to explicitly require the movement away from all tobacco products.
The most popular process of consuming tobacco is burned and inhaled or inhaled the smell of burning. Very important note, any smoke into the respiratory organ until now no one gives health benefits, not even giving life but death.
When tobacco is smoked, nicotine is absorbed into the lungs and quickly moved into a flowing stream of blood vessels throughout the body including the brain. In fact, nicotine reaches the brain within 8 seconds after the tobacco is smoked. According to the American Cancer Society, nicotine entering through cigarette smoke reaches the brain faster than drugs that enter through intravenous (IV) or blood vessels. There are many factors that determine the duration of nicotine in the body of a person to survive. Generally, nicotine and other products last for 3-4 days in the body.
In high concentrations, nicotine can be lethal, one drop of purified nicotine in the mouth can kill a person. Because of the deadly effects of nicotine is also used as a pesticide for centuries.
The brain consists of thousands of nerve cells that communicate via chemicals called neurotransmitters. Like the key, the neurotransmitter is suitable only for special locks called receptors. Nicotine molecule is shaped like a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine which this receptor plays a role in various bodily functions, affects muscle movement, breathing, heart rate, and memory. Acetylcholine also affects mood, appetite, thought power, and more.
Nicotine activate the part of the brain that produce feelings of ''happy'' by activating hormone dopamine. Work from resembling cocaine and heroin nicotine causing addiction.
The brain is part of the body that regulates all functions of the organ. A healthy brain will produce a healthy behavior. Easily forgotten are the early symptoms of dementia (dementia) in which dementia occurs because of degeneration of nerve cells resulting from disturbances of intellectual function or memory.
According to research conducted at the Brain and Mind Research Institute at the University of Sydney, Australia, smoking itself is a risk factor of dementia caused by Alzheimer''s disease. This is contradictory with previous research that says that smoking protects against dementia. The research is published in the European Journal of Pharmacology in 2010.
Dementia alone will cause a disruption of quality of life and social relationships. Dementia due to Alzheimer''s disease usually starts to attack at the age of 40-50 years. At that time the mass of the brain will begin to decrease because of rapid nerve cell death. As a result the transmission of inter-cell interference occurs due to the decreasing amount of acetylcholine and replaced by nicotine in a way that resembles the work asetilkoln
Nicotine BRAIN DAMAGE Originally published in Shvoong: http://www.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/epidemiology-public-health/2008719-nicotine-brain-damage/
Yellow teeth, It''s Him Causes
Color in foods and beverages derived from chromogens, pigmented molecules that can be attached to the teeth. So also with the acidity of foods and beverages. Acidity erode teeth create food colors, so the teeth and flabby chromogens easily attached.
Routine brushing and avoiding tobacco gig is one way to keep teeth healthy, white, clean. But there are some foods and drinks that you need to be aware. Here''s a row of food and drinks cause teeth dull, yellow and stained:
Candy
The main ingredients of the candy is sugar. It also consumes a lot of candy affect dental health, not only will make teeth perforated and porous, but also can leave stains on your teeth.
Carbonated Drinks
Generally, soft drinks containing dye and acid-rich chromogens.Jika drunk regularly, which contained pigment molecules will stick to the teeth so the teeth dull quickly.
Energy drinks
Acid contained in sports drinks can soften tooth enamel. And if consumed regularly, it will be faster drinks erode tooth enamel making it more easily yellowed teeth.
Black tea
Black tea is rich in tannins and chromogens that can leave stains on your teeth. Not only that, black tea can leave the crust when taken too often. To prove it, brewed black tea in the cup and let stand for more than five hours. Prove what happened, the rest of the tea stain will stick to the basic and the water''s edge on cups of tea.
Sauce
Soy sauce, ketchup, curry sauce and other dark-colored sauce is also believed to potentially leave stains on your teeth.
Routine brushing and avoiding tobacco gig is one way to keep teeth healthy, white, clean. But there are some foods and drinks that you need to be aware. Here''s a row of food and drinks cause teeth dull, yellow and stained:
Candy
The main ingredients of the candy is sugar. It also consumes a lot of candy affect dental health, not only will make teeth perforated and porous, but also can leave stains on your teeth.
Carbonated Drinks
Generally, soft drinks containing dye and acid-rich chromogens.Jika drunk regularly, which contained pigment molecules will stick to the teeth so the teeth dull quickly.
Energy drinks
Acid contained in sports drinks can soften tooth enamel. And if consumed regularly, it will be faster drinks erode tooth enamel making it more easily yellowed teeth.
Black tea
Black tea is rich in tannins and chromogens that can leave stains on your teeth. Not only that, black tea can leave the crust when taken too often. To prove it, brewed black tea in the cup and let stand for more than five hours. Prove what happened, the rest of the tea stain will stick to the basic and the water''s edge on cups of tea.
Sauce
Soy sauce, ketchup, curry sauce and other dark-colored sauce is also believed to potentially leave stains on your teeth.
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